bundles bundles bundles bundles bundles bundles bundles bundles CLUBSPORT STEERING WHEEL ROUND 1 XBOX ONE
ClubSport
CSW-RROUND1-1170x215_1280x1280

Vintage Formula Feeling

Inspired by a steering wheel used in Formula 1 cars of the 1980’s, this steering wheel is good for fast movements but the round shape and smooth leather also allows to spin the wheel.
ROUND_1_Detail_01nmGHX9lpP9I1O_1280x1280

PRODUCT BUNDLE

This product is a bundle of the ClubSport Steering Wheel Universal Hub and the ClubSport Wheel Rim Round1. You can enjoy the full modularity of the Universal Hub and it comes with the same features and components.

AUTHENTIC AND FINE MATERIALS

The rim is made in polished and anodised aluminium and covered in genuine leather with smooth finish. The diameter is 27 cm like in a real classic car.

ROUND_1_Detail_02BHKIYCOIFjQvs_1280x1280

Unlimited customisation

It is only up to YOU how you design your steering wheel. Place as many buttons as you want and where you want them.
CSW-RROUND1-580x366_03_1280x1280

ADJUSTABLE BUTTON ELEMENTS

Either use the integrated buttons on top of the Universal Hub or position additional buttons wherever you want them. The 7-function FunkySwitch element can be used to navigate.

FREE CHOICE OF SHIFTER PADDLES

Use no shifter paddles or the static shifter paddles on the base unit. You can also add small paddles for small rims or the big and super adjustable shifter paddles.
CSW-RUHX-580x366_01_1280x1280

Limitless Compatibility

Attach any wheel rim you want and play it on many platforms.

Adds Xbox One compatibility

All compatible Fanatec wheel bases will turn into Xbox One mode as soon as you connect this hub.

Future Proof

By integrating the Xbox One specific electronics into this hub, there is a higher chance that you can use most of your wheel system in future.

FEATURES

  • Aluminum wheel rim covered with suede leather
  • A connected wheel base will become Xbox One compatible
  • Fully assembled and pre-configured to mount the GT rim (or similar). Just attach a wheel rim with 6 screws.
  • Detachable button caps with Xbox One symbols
  • 16 integrated buttons on top of the hub
  • 4 button boxes with 3 buttons each
  • FunkySwitch(tm) with 4-way direction pad, 2-way turning function and push button. Comes with a metal knob
  • ​Small or big shifter paddles for different rim diameters.
  • The big shifter paddles are fully adjustable in distance, width and angle
  • Shifter paddle units can be taken off to save weight.
  • LED display for Tuning or telemetry functions. It can be installed in two positions: Standing or flat
  • USB port to charge a smartphone. No data
  • An additional 5th button box unit can be attached (not included)
  • Data port for future feature upgrades

COMPATIBILITY

Wheel Bases:
  • > PODIUM Wheel Base DD1
  • > PODIUM Wheel Base DD2
  • > PODIUM Racing Wheel F1® PS4™
  • > ClubSport Wheel Base V2
  • > ClubSport Wheel Base V2.5
  • > CSL Elite Wheel Base V1.1
  • > CSL Elite Wheel Base
  • > CSL Elite Racing Wheel - officially licensed for PS4™
  • > CSL Elite Wheel Base + - officially licensed for PS4™
  • Note: It is not compatible to the CSR Elite Wheel

     

Wheel Rims:
Please download the manual to see the information about the compatible 6 hole or 3 hole patterns. Many wheel rims from SPARCO, MOMO, OMP and others will be compatible but you need to make sure with the manufacturer of the rim you want to use.
Platforms
  • > Xbox: A connected Fanatec wheel base will become compatible with the Xbox One and Xbox Series X|S.
  • > PC and other Platforms: The specifications of the compatible wheel bases will remain unchanged.
  • > The functionality of this product on Xbox One or PS4 can be limited by the capabilities of the console (subject to firmware/OS changes and developer support). The full functionality can only be guaranteed on PC; this is also game-dependent.

SPECIAL NOTES

> In order to operate this product, a compatible Fanatec Wheel Base (not included) is mandatory!
> Connect your Wheel Base to a PC and install the latest driver to update the wheel base firmware before you mount the Universal Hub for Xbox One.

WHAT’S INCLUDED

  • ClubSport Wheel Rim Round1
  • Universal Hub for Xbox One
  • 4 x small button boxes with 3 buttons each
  • 2 x small levers and 2 x long levers
  • 1 x pair of small shifter paddles
  • 1 x pair of large shifter paddles
  • 1 x FunkySwitch(tm)
  • LED display unit
  • Set of screws

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Platform PC, PS4 Ready, XBox One
Paddle shifter adjustability Angle, Detacheable, Distance to rim, Exchangeable, Travel
Xbox One mode LED indicator Yes
Dual analog paddle modes Advanced clutch bite-point mode, Brake/throttle mode, Clutch/handbrake mode, Clutch bite-point mode, Mappable analog axis mode
Detachable button caps Yes
Weight (approx.) 1740g
Diameter 270mm
Quick release ClubSport
Display 3 digits LED
Funky switch 7-way
Buttons 12+16
Grip material Leather
Material Brushed aluminium
Information

Please download and install the latest driver and firmware for your wheel base before you mount the Universal Hub for Xbox One!

The latest firmware is integrated into the driver and can be installed via the “update” tab in the driver panel.

Wheel bases not recognised in Steam games

Follow these steps to potentially solve the problem:

  1. Open the Steam application
  2. Select “View”
  3. Select “Settings”
  4. Select “Controller”
  5. In “General Controller Settings”, uncheck the checkbox for “Generic Gamepad Configuration Support”.

If the issue persists, reinstall the Steam Client.

Windows XP support discontinued

Since Microsoft dropped their own support (April 2014) of Windows XP after more than 13 years we are not longer able to support this PC platform. The last wheels/pedals/shifter driver which supports Windows XP is driver 144. Later driver versions use new software technology which is just not possible on Windows XP.

If your hardware or a new firmware requires a newer operation system we only can recommend to upgrade your Windows operating system to a newer version which will not be outdated for a longer while.

Can I use other (USB, RJ12, etc.) cables than the original ones?

In theory you can use any RJ12-RJ12 (6p6c straight) and USB (type A — type B; USB 1/2.0) cable which has the right connectors on both ends. If you use high quality cables of similar length to the originals, there should be no problem. Please keep in mind that Fanatec cannot guarantee perfect functionality if third-party products are involved even if the combination should work.

Important notes regarding (replacement) cables:

  • Cables which are significantly longer than the original cables can cause connection issues
  • Extension cables are often the source of connection issues. Longer high-quality cables are the better option
  • If your product came with a high-quality ferrite core cable, a replacement cable should be of similar quality

Q: Can I purchase replacement “RJ12–RJ12” / “USB A — USB B” cables from Fanatec?

A: We should be able to offer replacement cables for all recent products. If they are not offered in the webshop, please ask our support team. But alternatively, it is also possible to use similar standard USB/RJ12 high quality cables, which are inexpensive and can be found at most electrical retailers.

One or two connector pins in the QuickRelease are shorter. Is this normal?

You might realise that one or two of the pins on the Quick Release Connector of rims is shorter.
This is absolutely normal.
The reason why one or two pins are shorter than the others is because it is a lagging electrical circuit. Which means in detail, this contact only shall be established after all other contacts were connected. The wheel basically will be supplied with electricity first before the electrical circuit will be fully closed. It does not affect the connectivity of the steering wheel.

Security Update for Windows 7 (KB3033929) -> Win7 issue with driver v261

We have received a couple reports that driver v261 cannot be installed on some Win7 PCs. The root cause is that Windows 7 Updates sometimes are not working as expected. Windows 7 is not aware of recent verification signatures. Therefore we needed to export a special driver for Windows 7 which includes our old driver signature as well. Please try this driver if you are experiencing issues like that:

2016.12.05-Fanatec_driver_261_DualSigned:
https://www.fanatec.com/forum/uploads/FileUpload/1d/bfd0b5d389b03d56d485708e3b9e8c.zip

CSW V2 and V2.5 users can also use our latest beta driver (V281) which resolves the issue as well:
https://www.fanatec.com/forum/discussion/547/fanatec-beta-driver-v281-for-csw-v2-and-v2-5/p1

This driver also works well for other Windows versions (Win7, Win8, Win8.1, Win10). Feel free to test this driver if you are having any issues installing the latest official driver v261 and let our support team know. Thank you!

Using display, vibration and rev LEDs in (more) PC games

EVERY PC game can use extended features (display, vibration, rev LEDs, rev Stripe, etc.) of our Fanatec Wheel products as well as ABS software controlled vibration (CSP pedals) but the game developer has to implement those features. We are rolling out the SDK right now (Okt. 2012)to them and they can implement whatever they want.

CSR, CSRE, GT2, PWTS, GT3V2: Fully supported using firmware 750+
CSW Series: Fully supported (all firmwares)
CSL Series: Fully supported
ClubSport Pedals: Fully Supported

Great example: Codemasters just updated F1 2012 on PC to use the SDK directly without any necessary modifications.

Alternatively you can use Fanaleds or SLIMax Manager to activate these unique features in many games. Both great applications can be downloaded for free:

www.fanaleds.com
http://www.eksimracing.com/getting-started-with-fanatec-hardware-and-slimax-mgr-pro/

-> If a game features native SDK support it will override the use of any 3rd party tool like Fanaleds.

Wheel Base (CSW V2 / CSL E WB) with P1 or UHX does not get detected by the PC

If you connect a P1 Steering Wheel or the Universal Hub for Xbox One to a Fanatec Wheel Base (CSL E WB or CSW V2) the wheel base will directly go into Xbox One Mode which is indicated by the green LED on the wheel base. In order to use the Wheel Base on PC you will have to set the device into PC mode.

CSW V2:
Please check the manual/quick guide of your steering wheel (P1 or UHX) how to set the wheel base into PC mode.

CSL E WB:
Press the “Mode” button on the wheel base to set it into PC Mode. The LED will turn red and your PC will be able to detect the device now.

Fanatec SDK - What is it and how to get it?

What is the Fanatec SDK or what can you do with it?

The fanatec SDK is a package (VS based library) which lets programmers and developers use the extended features of our Fanatec Wheel and Pedal products. With use of the SDK code your game/software can

…make use of the additional wheel vibration/rumble motors (not the FFB motors)
…make use of the tuning display (for gear display, speeder, …)
…make use of the vibration motors on ClubSport Pedals
…make use of the rev LEDs on ClubSport Wheel rims
…detect different Fanatec products if they have the same USB product ID (CSR or CSR Elite, etc.)
…detect the rim type connected to the ClubSport Wheel Base
…etc.

 

Is the Fanatec SDK available for anybody?

No, not in general. If you want to use the Fanatec SDK please contact our support team and mention what your plans are to use the SDK. After reviewing those plans you might receive a NDA which has to be signed before the SDK would be sent to you.

 

What is not a function of the Fanatec SDK?

The SDK is not necessary to get any output (pedal axis, steering wheel axis/rotation, button inputs) from our hardware. This is controlled by DirectInput only as our devices are HID standard devices.
The SDK is not necessary to send force feedback effects to the wheel. For that you will only need to install the driver and to send standard direct input commands for FFB.

So in gerneral all input/output and FFB features of our products do not need the SDK. It is only need for special Fanatec functions as mentioned on top of this article.

 

In general we are not able to provide developer support how to read and control force feedback devices (which works 100% the same way for Fanatec hardware as for Logitech, Thrustmaster etc.). Please use Microsofts documentation. Here are some useful links to get you into the topic:
DirectInput – Enumerating devices – https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb153253(v=vs.85).aspx
DirectInput – Capturing from Devices – https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb153252(v=vs.85).aspx
DirectInput – Using Force Feedback – https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb153254(v=vs.85).aspx

Should I use gloves to drive my Fanatec Wheel

We are asked very often, if gloves should be used on our wheels to keep them in good condition. The question cannot answered that easily. In general, gloves can help to keep the wheel clean and protect it sweat. But on the other hand, gloves can increase the wear of the wheel rim material (leather, strands etc.), to a much higher level than bare hands would do. This additional wear cannot be covered by warranty. Testing capabilities are limited and it is impossible to test all types/brands of gloves, to make recommendations.

Because of this and the possibly increased wear & tear, Fanatec cannot give a general recommendation to use gloves.

ACCESSORIES
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FAQ
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ACCESSORIES
CSW-RROUND1-1170x215_1280x1280

Vintage Formula Feeling

Inspired by a steering wheel used in Formula 1 cars of the 1980’s, this steering wheel is good for fast movements but the round shape and smooth leather also allows to spin the wheel.
ROUND_1_Detail_01nmGHX9lpP9I1O_1280x1280

PRODUCT BUNDLE

This product is a bundle of the ClubSport Steering Wheel Universal Hub and the ClubSport Wheel Rim Round1. You can enjoy the full modularity of the Universal Hub and it comes with the same features and components.
ROUND_1_Detail_02BHKIYCOIFjQvs_1280x1280

AUTHENTIC AND FINE MATERIALS

The rim is made in polished and anodised aluminium and covered in genuine leather with smooth finish. The diameter is 27 cm like in a real classic car.

Unlimited customisation

It is only up to YOU how you design your steering wheel. Place as many buttons as you want and where you want them.
CSW-RROUND1-580x366_03_1280x1280

ADJUSTABLE BUTTON ELEMENTS

Either use the integrated buttons on top of the Universal Hub or position additional buttons wherever you want them. The 7-function FunkySwitch element can be used to navigate.
CSW-RUHX-580x366_01_1280x1280

FREE CHOICE OF SHIFTER PADDLES.

Use no shifter paddles or the static shifter paddles on the base unit. You can also add small paddles for small rims or the big and super adjustable shifter paddles.

Limitless Compatibility.

Attach any wheel rim you want and play it on many platforms.

Adds Xbox One compatibility.

All compatible Fanatec wheel bases will turn into Xbox One mode as soon as you connect this hub.

Future Proof.

By integrating the Xbox One specific electronics into this hub, there is a higher chance that you can use most of your wheel system in the future.

FEATURES

  • Aluminum wheel rim covered with suede leather
  • A connected wheel base will become Xbox One compatible
  • Fully assembled and pre-configured to mount the GT rim (or similar). Just attach a wheel rim with 6 screws.
  • Detachable button caps with Xbox One symbols
  • 16 integrated buttons on top of the hub
  • 4 button boxes with 3 buttons each
  • FunkySwitch(tm) with 4-way direction pad, 2-way turning function and push button. Comes with a metal knob
  • ​Small or big shifter paddles for different rim diameters.
  • The big shifter paddles are fully adjustable in distance, width and angle
  • Shifter paddle units can be taken off to save weight.
  • LED display for Tuning or telemetry functions. It can be installed in two positions: Standing or flat
  • USB port to charge a smartphone. No data
  • An additional 5th button box unit can be attached (not included)
  • Data port for future feature upgrades

COMPATIBILITY

Wheel Bases:
  • > PODIUM Wheel Base DD1
  • > PODIUM Wheel Base DD2
  • > PODIUM Racing Wheel F1® PS4™
  • > ClubSport Wheel Base V2
  • > ClubSport Wheel Base V2.5
  • > CSL Elite Wheel Base V1.1
  • > CSL Elite Wheel Base
  • > CSL Elite Racing Wheel - officially licensed for PS4™
  • > CSL Elite Wheel Base + - officially licensed for PS4™
  • Note: It is not compatible to the CSR Elite Wheel

     

Wheel Rims:
Please download the manual to see the information about the compatible 6 hole or 3 hole patterns. Many wheel rims from SPARCO, MOMO, OMP and others will be compatible but you need to make sure with the manufacturer of the rim you want to use.
Platforms
  • > Xbox: A connected Fanatec wheel base will become compatible with the Xbox One and Xbox Series X|S.
  • > PC and other Platforms: The specifications of the compatible wheel bases will remain unchanged.
  • > The functionality of this product on Xbox One or PS4 can be limited by the capabilities of the console (subject to firmware/OS changes and developer support). The full functionality can only be guaranteed on PC; this is also game-dependent.

SPECIAL NOTES

> In order to operate this product, a compatible Fanatec Wheel Base (not included) is mandatory!
> Connect your Wheel Base to a PC and install the latest driver to update the wheel base firmware before you mount the Universal Hub for Xbox One.

WHAT’S INCLUDED

  • ClubSport Wheel Rim Round1
  • Universal Hub for Xbox One
  • 4 x small button boxes with 3 buttons each
  • 2 x small levers and 2 x long levers
  • 1 x pair of small shifter paddles
  • 1 x pair of large shifter paddles
  • 1 x FunkySwitch(tm)
  • LED display unit
  • Set of screws

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Platform PC, PS4 Ready, XBox One
Paddle shifter adjustability Angle, Detacheable, Distance to rim, Exchangeable, Travel
Xbox One mode LED indicator Yes
Dual analog paddle modes Advanced clutch bite-point mode, Brake/throttle mode, Clutch/handbrake mode, Clutch bite-point mode, Mappable analog axis mode
Detachable button caps Yes
Weight (approx.) 1740g
Diameter 270mm
Quick release ClubSport
Display 3 digits LED
Funky switch 7-way
Buttons 12+16
Grip material Leather
Material Brushed aluminium
Downloads for “ClubSport Steering Wheel GT XBOX ONE”
Downloads for bundle components
Information

Please download and install the latest driver and firmware for your wheel base before you mount the Universal Hub for Xbox One!

The latest firmware is integrated into the driver and can be installed via the “update” tab in the driver panel.

Wheel bases not recognised in Steam games

Follow these steps to potentially solve the problem:

  1. Open the Steam application
  2. Select “View”
  3. Select “Settings”
  4. Select “Controller”
  5. In “General Controller Settings”, uncheck the checkbox for “Generic Gamepad Configuration Support”.

If the issue persists, reinstall the Steam Client.

Windows XP support discontinued

Since Microsoft dropped their own support (April 2014) of Windows XP after more than 13 years we are not longer able to support this PC platform. The last wheels/pedals/shifter driver which supports Windows XP is driver 144. Later driver versions use new software technology which is just not possible on Windows XP.

If your hardware or a new firmware requires a newer operation system we only can recommend to upgrade your Windows operating system to a newer version which will not be outdated for a longer while.

Can I use other (USB, RJ12, etc.) cables than the original ones?

In theory you can use any RJ12-RJ12 (6p6c straight) and USB (type A — type B; USB 1/2.0) cable which has the right connectors on both ends. If you use high quality cables of similar length to the originals, there should be no problem. Please keep in mind that Fanatec cannot guarantee perfect functionality if third-party products are involved even if the combination should work.

Important notes regarding (replacement) cables:

  • Cables which are significantly longer than the original cables can cause connection issues
  • Extension cables are often the source of connection issues. Longer high-quality cables are the better option
  • If your product came with a high-quality ferrite core cable, a replacement cable should be of similar quality

Q: Can I purchase replacement “RJ12–RJ12” / “USB A — USB B” cables from Fanatec?

A: We should be able to offer replacement cables for all recent products. If they are not offered in the webshop, please ask our support team. But alternatively, it is also possible to use similar standard USB/RJ12 high quality cables, which are inexpensive and can be found at most electrical retailers.

One or two connector pins in the QuickRelease are shorter. Is this normal?

You might realise that one or two of the pins on the Quick Release Connector of rims is shorter.
This is absolutely normal.
The reason why one or two pins are shorter than the others is because it is a lagging electrical circuit. Which means in detail, this contact only shall be established after all other contacts were connected. The wheel basically will be supplied with electricity first before the electrical circuit will be fully closed. It does not affect the connectivity of the steering wheel.

Security Update for Windows 7 (KB3033929) -> Win7 issue with driver v261

We have received a couple reports that driver v261 cannot be installed on some Win7 PCs. The root cause is that Windows 7 Updates sometimes are not working as expected. Windows 7 is not aware of recent verification signatures. Therefore we needed to export a special driver for Windows 7 which includes our old driver signature as well. Please try this driver if you are experiencing issues like that:

2016.12.05-Fanatec_driver_261_DualSigned:
https://www.fanatec.com/forum/uploads/FileUpload/1d/bfd0b5d389b03d56d485708e3b9e8c.zip

CSW V2 and V2.5 users can also use our latest beta driver (V281) which resolves the issue as well:
https://www.fanatec.com/forum/discussion/547/fanatec-beta-driver-v281-for-csw-v2-and-v2-5/p1

This driver also works well for other Windows versions (Win7, Win8, Win8.1, Win10). Feel free to test this driver if you are having any issues installing the latest official driver v261 and let our support team know. Thank you!

Using display, vibration and rev LEDs in (more) PC games

EVERY PC game can use extended features (display, vibration, rev LEDs, rev Stripe, etc.) of our Fanatec Wheel products as well as ABS software controlled vibration (CSP pedals) but the game developer has to implement those features. We are rolling out the SDK right now (Okt. 2012)to them and they can implement whatever they want.

CSR, CSRE, GT2, PWTS, GT3V2: Fully supported using firmware 750+
CSW Series: Fully supported (all firmwares)
CSL Series: Fully supported
ClubSport Pedals: Fully Supported

Great example: Codemasters just updated F1 2012 on PC to use the SDK directly without any necessary modifications.

Alternatively you can use Fanaleds or SLIMax Manager to activate these unique features in many games. Both great applications can be downloaded for free:

www.fanaleds.com
http://www.eksimracing.com/getting-started-with-fanatec-hardware-and-slimax-mgr-pro/

-> If a game features native SDK support it will override the use of any 3rd party tool like Fanaleds.

Wheel Base (CSW V2 / CSL E WB) with P1 or UHX does not get detected by the PC

If you connect a P1 Steering Wheel or the Universal Hub for Xbox One to a Fanatec Wheel Base (CSL E WB or CSW V2) the wheel base will directly go into Xbox One Mode which is indicated by the green LED on the wheel base. In order to use the Wheel Base on PC you will have to set the device into PC mode.

CSW V2:
Please check the manual/quick guide of your steering wheel (P1 or UHX) how to set the wheel base into PC mode.

CSL E WB:
Press the “Mode” button on the wheel base to set it into PC Mode. The LED will turn red and your PC will be able to detect the device now.

Fanatec SDK - What is it and how to get it?

What is the Fanatec SDK or what can you do with it?

The fanatec SDK is a package (VS based library) which lets programmers and developers use the extended features of our Fanatec Wheel and Pedal products. With use of the SDK code your game/software can

…make use of the additional wheel vibration/rumble motors (not the FFB motors)
…make use of the tuning display (for gear display, speeder, …)
…make use of the vibration motors on ClubSport Pedals
…make use of the rev LEDs on ClubSport Wheel rims
…detect different Fanatec products if they have the same USB product ID (CSR or CSR Elite, etc.)
…detect the rim type connected to the ClubSport Wheel Base
…etc.

 

Is the Fanatec SDK available for anybody?

No, not in general. If you want to use the Fanatec SDK please contact our support team and mention what your plans are to use the SDK. After reviewing those plans you might receive a NDA which has to be signed before the SDK would be sent to you.

 

What is not a function of the Fanatec SDK?

The SDK is not necessary to get any output (pedal axis, steering wheel axis/rotation, button inputs) from our hardware. This is controlled by DirectInput only as our devices are HID standard devices.
The SDK is not necessary to send force feedback effects to the wheel. For that you will only need to install the driver and to send standard direct input commands for FFB.

So in gerneral all input/output and FFB features of our products do not need the SDK. It is only need for special Fanatec functions as mentioned on top of this article.

 

In general we are not able to provide developer support how to read and control force feedback devices (which works 100% the same way for Fanatec hardware as for Logitech, Thrustmaster etc.). Please use Microsofts documentation. Here are some useful links to get you into the topic:
DirectInput – Enumerating devices – https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb153253(v=vs.85).aspx
DirectInput – Capturing from Devices – https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb153252(v=vs.85).aspx
DirectInput – Using Force Feedback – https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb153254(v=vs.85).aspx

Should I use gloves to drive my Fanatec Wheel

We are asked very often, if gloves should be used on our wheels to keep them in good condition. The question cannot answered that easily. In general, gloves can help to keep the wheel clean and protect it sweat. But on the other hand, gloves can increase the wear of the wheel rim material (leather, strands etc.), to a much higher level than bare hands would do. This additional wear cannot be covered by warranty. Testing capabilities are limited and it is impossible to test all types/brands of gloves, to make recommendations.

Because of this and the possibly increased wear & tear, Fanatec cannot give a general recommendation to use gloves.